However, it was found that those who were 65 years or older during the time period of the study were affected more by the exposure to methyl bromide, than the other age groups. Stratifying for race and sex showed that the effect is nearly similar among different races and sex. For 1,3-dichloropropene, a 0.01 ppb increase in its exposures during the event day was associated with a 4.9% increase in asthma ED visits. Based on the results, methyl bromide is not positively associated with the occurrence of acute asthma attack in California, USA between 20. In addition, biweekly samplings of the concentration of the two pesticides, PM 2.5, NO 2, NO, SO 2, and O 3 and measures of relative humidity, temperature, and pressure were collected for 14 sites. In this work, 8566 individuals within the area under the study visited the emergency departments due to asthma attacks between 20. The effect modification of parameters through stratified analyses by sex (female, and male), race (Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian) and age (2-5, 6-18, 19-40, 41-64 and >= 65) is considered. These are the Thai letters used to write Sanskrit.In this study, a bidirectional symmetrical case-crossover method was applied to analyze the data obtained from Emergency Department Visits for asthma occurrence and publicly available EPA emissions data for methyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene in California, USA between 20. The tone marker When a tone marker is used it is placed on the last initial consonant. Closed syllables end with p, t, k or a short vowel The class (low, middle or high) of the syllable The class of a syllable is usually that of the first consonant, unless theįirst consonant has no vowel mark, or the second consonant is a sonorant, The type of syllable: open (คำเป็น) or closed (คำตาย) Open syllables end with m, n, ɳ or a long vowel. "short in the context of the tone rules" and such vowels are not necessarily The type of vowel: short or long Short vowels are found in syllables with no written vowel (e.g. The tone of a syllable is determined by a combination of the following factors: How to write write and pronounce Thai consonants: Many other romanisation systems are used elsewhere.īy ปัณณวิช ตันเดชานุรัตน์ (Pannawit Tandaechanurat) The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS), the official standard for the romanisation of Thai, is used here. There are no spaces between words, instead spaces in a Thai text indicate the end of a clause or sentence.The tone of a syllable is determined by a combination of the class of consonant, the type of syllable (open or closed), the tone marker and the length of the vowel. Thai is a tonal language with 5 tones.Originally they represented separate sounds, but over the years the distinction between those sounds was lost and the letters were used instead to indicate tones. For some consonants there are multiple letters.8 of the letters are used only for writing words of Pali and Sanskrit origin.Writing direction: left to right in horizontal lines.The 18 other vowels and 6 diphthongs are indicated using diacritics which appear in front of, above, below of after the consonants they modify. The is usually found in words of Sanskrit, Pali or Khmer origin while the is found native Thai words. Type of writing system: Abugida / Syllabic Alphabet consisting of 44 basic consonants, each with an inherent vowel: in medial position and in final position.The Thai alphabet is used to write Thai, Sanskrit, Pali, and a number of minority languages spoken in Thailand. According to tradition, the Thai alphabet was created by King Ramkhamhaeng ( พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช). The oldest known inscriptions in Thai appeared in about 1292 AD. It is thought that the Thai alphabet was based on the Old Khmer alphabet, which dates from 611 AD. Thai vocabulary includes many words from Pali, Sanskrit and Old Khmer. Thai is closely related to Lao, and northern dialects of Thai are more or less mutually intelligible with Lao, particularly the Lao spoken in northern Thailand. Recognised minority language in Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar Status: Official language in Thailand.Spoken in: Thailand, USA, Taiwan, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Malaysia and other countries.Language family: Kra-Dai, Tai, Southwestern Tai, Chiang Saen, Thai.
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